Kobiety w koszarach
W 38 numerze “Polski Zbrojnej” pojawił się bardzo ciekawy artykuł na temat kobiet w armii autorstwa Małgorzaty Schwarzgruber. Zamieszam go poniżej…
W wywiadzie dla “Vorarlberger Nachrichten” prezydent Austrii Heinz Fischer stwierdził, że znikają znane z przeszłości różnice w traktowaniu kobiet i mężczyzn. W 2035 roku zrównany zostanie dla wszystkich wiek emerytalny. Dlatego można podobnie potraktować kobiety i mężczyzn, jeśli chodzi o obronę kraju, oczywiście nie od razu, ale dłuższej perspektywie. Są przecież państwa, w których panie muszą służyć w armii. Dlaczego nie w Austrii?
Zanim zdążyła się rozpętać burza, w jednej z telewizyjnych audycji Fischer wycofał się ze swoich słów, tłumacząc, że został źle zrozumiany. Informacja poszła jednak w eter i wywołała polityczne reakcje. Partia Zielonych powtórzyła żądanie zniesienia obowiązkowej służby, natomiast Związek na rzecz Przyszłości Austrii dodał do tego postulat wprowadzenia armii zawodowej. “To nie jest temat, kórym powinniśmy się w Europie zajmować”, uznała Dorothea Schittenheim, rzeczniczka Austriackiej partii Konserwatywnej. Pełnomocniczka rządu do spraw kobiet Gabriele Heinisch-Hosek zażądała zaś najpierw równego traktowania kobiet i mężczyzn w innych dziedzinach życia.
“To egzotyczny pomysł. Z zachodnich demokracji tylko w Izraelu kobiety nie mają wyboru”, wtórował tym krytycznym głosom dziennik “Die Presse”. Austriackie ministerstwo obrony poinformowało, że nie ma potrzeby dodatkowej mobilizacji, bo istniejące potrzeby kadrowe zaspokają pobór mężczyzn.
W 1998 roku pierwsze dziesięć austriackich rekrutek wkroczyło do koszar w Strass w Styrii, by rozpocząć roczne szkolenie na stopnień podoficerski. Rok wcześniej parlament w Wiedniu dopuścił słabą płeć do służby w wojsku. Ustawa dała kobietom możliwość awansu na wszystkie stanowiska dostępne dotychczas jedynie dla mężczyzn, łącznie z generalskimi. Inaczej niż w innych krajach, w Austrii panie otrzymały prawo do oddzielnego zakwaterowania.
Obecnie w austriackiej armii służy 350 kobiet. Wojsko zachęca do tego kolejne, nie zawsze w sposób przemyślany. Na początku 2010 roku reklamówka z kuso ubranymi dziewczynami na tle czołgu uznana została za seksistowską - miała przyciągnąć kobiety do wojska, a wywołała burzę. “Nasza reklama jest tak kretyńsko głupia, że aż genialna” , tłumaczył odpowiedzialny za marketing armii pułkownik Johan Millonig i zapewniał, że została nakręcona świadomie. Minister obrony Norbert Darabos nakazał jednak usunąć kontrowersyjny film ze stron internetowych wojska.
Podczas gdy Austriacy namawiają kobiety do włożenia munduru, dowództwo bułgarskiej armii zamierza ograniczyć ich liczbę w wojsku. “Nie chcemy pozbyć się wszystkich pań, uważamy jednak, że powinny one zajmować odpowiednie dla nich stanowiska”, uznał kilka miesięcy temu dowódca wojsk lądowych Iwan Dobrew. Z danych ministerstwa obrony wynika, że w armii bułgarskiej, która od kilku lat jest w pełni zawodowa, służy ponad 4,2 tysiąca kobiet, co stanowi 12,7 procen całego jej stanu. To jeden z wyższych wskaźników w Europie.
Wypowiedź generała Dobrewa była odpowiedzią na raport kobiety, która chciała zostać mechanikiem ? kierowcą czołgu. “To są męskie stanowiska. Nie można zostawić kobiety w czołgu na dwa tygodnie, bo nie wytrzyma tak długo bez mycia, a mężczyźni mogą”, oznajmił generał w wywiadzie dla dziennika “Standart”.
Co trzeci izraelski żołnierz to kobieta. Tak powszechny ich udział w siłach zbrojnych to światowy ewenement. “Armia jest najwyższym symbolem powinności i dopóki kobiety nie są równe mężczyznom w spełnianiu tego obowiązku, dopóty nie osiągnął prawdziwej równości”, mówił Ben Gurion, pierwszy izraelski premier. “Gdyby w wojsku nie było córek Izraela, charakter narodu zostałby zniekształcony.”
Izrael ma 150-tysięczną armię regularną, 600-tysięczną rezerwistów i 2,5 miliona przeszkolonych obywateli. Można powiedzieć, że niemal każdy Izraelczyk albo był, albo jest żołnierzem. Około 90 procent poborowych idzie do wojska. Mężczyźni służą trzy lata, kobiety 21 miesięcy. Ze służby zwolnione są mężatki, ciężarne oraz te panie, którym wyznawana wiara nie pozwala nosić broni. Kobiety służą w kobiecych korpusach armijnych jako kierowcy, pielęgniarki radiooperatorki, kontrolerki lotów czy instruktorów kursów. Są to jednostki, które nie biorą udziału w bezpośredniej walce. Pominąwszy sytuację nadzwyczajne, jak wybuch wojny, kobiety nie służą w warunkach bojowych.
Mimo, że w Izraelu służba w wojsku jest obowiązkowa, kobiety żołnierze maja wielu przeciwników, nie tylko na polu bitwy, ale także wśród polityków, dowódców czy zwykłych obywateli. Szczególne kontrowersje wzbudza dopuszczenie słabej płci do bezpośredniej walki z wrogiem. Nie dawno przeciwko służbie kobiet opowiedział się naczelny rabin wojskowy Izraela Awiszaj Ronski. “Żadna tradycja rabiniczna nie nakazuje kobietom wkładania munduru”, dowodził, powołując się na opinie swoich poprzedników.
Podobnie uważa skrajna izraelska prawica. Ugrupowanie żydowskich ortodoksów Sanhedryn zażądało usunięcia kobiet z armii. Jego członkowie przekonują, że za “izraelskie porażki na polach bitewnych” odpowiedzialność ponoszą “jednostki mieszane”, ponieważ obecność kobiet w oddziałach “postsyjonostycznej armii” rozprasza żołnierzy i “zakłóca ich świadomość.”
Mimo, że dwa razy więcej kobiet mężczyzn uzyskuje najwyższe oceny na testach, płeć piękna stanowi tylko jedną trzecią kadry oficerskiej i zajmuje zaledwie wilka procent stanowisk wyższych od pułkownika. Awansom nie towarzyszy jednak wzrost prestiżu.
Podobne wpisy:
Chciała bym przeczytać artkuł o kobietach w Polskiej ąrmii. Artykuł bardzo ciekawy.
“Ugrupowanie żydowskich ortodoksów Sanhedryn zażądało usunięcia kobiet z armii”. – ale co oni mają do gadania, przeca to syjowsze ! To nawet żaróki nie umie wkręcić ! Na myśl o nich aż mnie mierzi !
A Równouporawnienie ? Oczywiście że tak, jestem za a nawet przeciw, ponieważ obawiam się jednego – znajac to z autopsji – co zrobi w czasie walki kobitka mając okres ?Bać sie bać sie jej trza!!! Czy są w stanie utrzymać rezon w czasie miesiączki ? Humory i te sprawy ? To jest problem, no i oczywiście higiena. My Faceci mamą naplety a Wy Kobitki ? Hahaha !!! No życie…….bez uraz
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