Kobiety w koszarach
W 38 numerze “Polski Zbrojnej” pojawił się bardzo ciekawy artykuł na temat kobiet w armii autorstwa Małgorzaty Schwarzgruber. Zamieszam go poniżej…
W wywiadzie dla “Vorarlberger Nachrichten” prezydent Austrii Heinz Fischer stwierdził, że znikają znane z przeszłości różnice w traktowaniu kobiet i mężczyzn. W 2035 roku zrównany zostanie dla wszystkich wiek emerytalny. Dlatego można podobnie potraktować kobiety i mężczyzn, jeśli chodzi o obronę kraju, oczywiście nie od razu, ale dłuższej perspektywie. Są przecież państwa, w których panie muszą służyć w armii. Dlaczego nie w Austrii?
Zanim zdążyła się rozpętać burza, w jednej z telewizyjnych audycji Fischer wycofał się ze swoich słów, tłumacząc, że został źle zrozumiany. Informacja poszła jednak w eter i wywołała polityczne reakcje. Partia Zielonych powtórzyła żądanie zniesienia obowiązkowej służby, natomiast Związek na rzecz Przyszłości Austrii dodał do tego postulat wprowadzenia armii zawodowej. “To nie jest temat, kórym powinniśmy się w Europie zajmować”, uznała Dorothea Schittenheim, rzeczniczka Austriackiej partii Konserwatywnej. Pełnomocniczka rządu do spraw kobiet Gabriele Heinisch-Hosek zażądała zaś najpierw równego traktowania kobiet i mężczyzn w innych dziedzinach życia.
“To egzotyczny pomysł. Z zachodnich demokracji tylko w Izraelu kobiety nie mają wyboru”, wtórował tym krytycznym głosom dziennik “Die Presse”. Austriackie ministerstwo obrony poinformowało, że nie ma potrzeby dodatkowej mobilizacji, bo istniejące potrzeby kadrowe zaspokają pobór mężczyzn.
W 1998 roku pierwsze dziesięć austriackich rekrutek wkroczyło do koszar w Strass w Styrii, by rozpocząć roczne szkolenie na stopnień podoficerski. Rok wcześniej parlament w Wiedniu dopuścił słabą płeć do służby w wojsku. Ustawa dała kobietom możliwość awansu na wszystkie stanowiska dostępne dotychczas jedynie dla mężczyzn, łącznie z generalskimi. Inaczej niż w innych krajach, w Austrii panie otrzymały prawo do oddzielnego zakwaterowania.
Obecnie w austriackiej armii służy 350 kobiet. Wojsko zachęca do tego kolejne, nie zawsze w sposób przemyślany. Na początku 2010 roku reklamówka z kuso ubranymi dziewczynami na tle czołgu uznana została za seksistowską - miała przyciągnąć kobiety do wojska, a wywołała burzę. “Nasza reklama jest tak kretyńsko głupia, że aż genialna” , tłumaczył odpowiedzialny za marketing armii pułkownik Johan Millonig i zapewniał, że została nakręcona świadomie. Minister obrony Norbert Darabos nakazał jednak usunąć kontrowersyjny film ze stron internetowych wojska.
Podczas gdy Austriacy namawiają kobiety do włożenia munduru, dowództwo bułgarskiej armii zamierza ograniczyć ich liczbę w wojsku. “Nie chcemy pozbyć się wszystkich pań, uważamy jednak, że powinny one zajmować odpowiednie dla nich stanowiska”, uznał kilka miesięcy temu dowódca wojsk lądowych Iwan Dobrew. Z danych ministerstwa obrony wynika, że w armii bułgarskiej, która od kilku lat jest w pełni zawodowa, służy ponad 4,2 tysiąca kobiet, co stanowi 12,7 procen całego jej stanu. To jeden z wyższych wskaźników w Europie.
Wypowiedź generała Dobrewa była odpowiedzią na raport kobiety, która chciała zostać mechanikiem ? kierowcą czołgu. “To są męskie stanowiska. Nie można zostawić kobiety w czołgu na dwa tygodnie, bo nie wytrzyma tak długo bez mycia, a mężczyźni mogą”, oznajmił generał w wywiadzie dla dziennika “Standart”.
Co trzeci izraelski żołnierz to kobieta. Tak powszechny ich udział w siłach zbrojnych to światowy ewenement. “Armia jest najwyższym symbolem powinności i dopóki kobiety nie są równe mężczyznom w spełnianiu tego obowiązku, dopóty nie osiągnął prawdziwej równości”, mówił Ben Gurion, pierwszy izraelski premier. “Gdyby w wojsku nie było córek Izraela, charakter narodu zostałby zniekształcony.”
Izrael ma 150-tysięczną armię regularną, 600-tysięczną rezerwistów i 2,5 miliona przeszkolonych obywateli. Można powiedzieć, że niemal każdy Izraelczyk albo był, albo jest żołnierzem. Około 90 procent poborowych idzie do wojska. Mężczyźni służą trzy lata, kobiety 21 miesięcy. Ze służby zwolnione są mężatki, ciężarne oraz te panie, którym wyznawana wiara nie pozwala nosić broni. Kobiety służą w kobiecych korpusach armijnych jako kierowcy, pielęgniarki radiooperatorki, kontrolerki lotów czy instruktorów kursów. Są to jednostki, które nie biorą udziału w bezpośredniej walce. Pominąwszy sytuację nadzwyczajne, jak wybuch wojny, kobiety nie służą w warunkach bojowych.
Mimo, że w Izraelu służba w wojsku jest obowiązkowa, kobiety żołnierze maja wielu przeciwników, nie tylko na polu bitwy, ale także wśród polityków, dowódców czy zwykłych obywateli. Szczególne kontrowersje wzbudza dopuszczenie słabej płci do bezpośredniej walki z wrogiem. Nie dawno przeciwko służbie kobiet opowiedział się naczelny rabin wojskowy Izraela Awiszaj Ronski. “Żadna tradycja rabiniczna nie nakazuje kobietom wkładania munduru”, dowodził, powołując się na opinie swoich poprzedników.
Podobnie uważa skrajna izraelska prawica. Ugrupowanie żydowskich ortodoksów Sanhedryn zażądało usunięcia kobiet z armii. Jego członkowie przekonują, że za “izraelskie porażki na polach bitewnych” odpowiedzialność ponoszą “jednostki mieszane”, ponieważ obecność kobiet w oddziałach “postsyjonostycznej armii” rozprasza żołnierzy i “zakłóca ich świadomość.”
Mimo, że dwa razy więcej kobiet mężczyzn uzyskuje najwyższe oceny na testach, płeć piękna stanowi tylko jedną trzecią kadry oficerskiej i zajmuje zaledwie wilka procent stanowisk wyższych od pułkownika. Awansom nie towarzyszy jednak wzrost prestiżu.
Podobne wpisy:
Chciała bym przeczytać artkuł o kobietach w Polskiej ąrmii. Artykuł bardzo ciekawy.
“Ugrupowanie żydowskich ortodoksów Sanhedryn zażądało usunięcia kobiet z armii”. – ale co oni mają do gadania, przeca to syjowsze ! To nawet żaróki nie umie wkręcić ! Na myśl o nich aż mnie mierzi !
A Równouporawnienie ? Oczywiście że tak, jestem za a nawet przeciw, ponieważ obawiam się jednego – znajac to z autopsji – co zrobi w czasie walki kobitka mając okres ?Bać sie bać sie jej trza!!! Czy są w stanie utrzymać rezon w czasie miesiączki ? Humory i te sprawy ? To jest problem, no i oczywiście higiena. My Faceci mamą naplety a Wy Kobitki ? Hahaha !!! No życie…….bez uraz
This is the perfect site for anyone who hopes to find out about this topic.
You know a whole lot its almost tough to argue with you (not
that I really would want to?HaHa). You definitely put a new spin on a topic that
has been written about for decades. Great stuff, just great!
Currently it looks like Drupal is the top blogging
platform out there right now. (from what I’ve read) Is tha what you’re using
on your blog?
I was very happy to find this web site. I want to to thank you for your time due to this wonderful read!!
I definitely really liked every part of it and i also have you bookmarked to see
new things in your website.
Hi I am so thrilled I found your webpage, I really found you by accident, while I was looking
on Yahoo for something else, Nonetheless I am here now and would just like to say kudos for a marvelous
post and a all round interesting blog (I also love the theme/design), I don?t have time to browse it all at the minute but I have saved it and also
added your RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read a great deal
more, Please do keep up the fantastic work.
If you want to take a great deal from this piece of writing then you have to apply these techniques to your won blog.
Remarkable! Its really remarkable piece of writing, I have got much
clear idea about from this piece of writing.
I don’t even know the way I stopped up here, but I believed this post used to be good.
I do not understand who you are but certainly you’re going to a famous blogger in the event you aren’t already.
Cheers!
Hmm it looks like your website ate my first comment (it
was extremely long) so I guess I’ll just sum it up what I wrote and say, I’m thoroughly enjoying your blog.
I too am an aspiring blog writer but I’m still new to everything.
Do you have any helpful hints for first-time blog writers? I’d really appreciate
it.
What’s up, after reading this remarkable piece of writing
i am too cheerful to share my know-how here with mates.
I was wondering if you ever considered changing the layout
of your site? Its very well written; I love what youve got to say.
But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so people could connect with it better.
Youve got an awful lot of text for only having one or 2 pictures.
Maybe you could space it out better?
I pay a visit day-to-day a few sites and websites to read articles or reviews, but this website gives feature based writing.
Appreciating the dedication you put into your blog and
detailed information you provide. It’s great to come across a
blog every once in a while that isn’t the same unwanted rehashed material.
Excellent read! I’ve bookmarked your site and I’m including your RSS feeds to my
Google account.
You could certainly see your expertise in the work you write.
The world hopes for even more passionate writers such
as you who aren’t afraid to mention how they believe.
Always go after your heart.
Thanks , I’ve just been searching for info approximately this
subject for ages and yours is the best I have came upon so far.
But, what in regards to the conclusion? Are you sure about the supply?
Hello there I am so glad I found your blog page, I really found you by accident, while I was researching on Askjeeve
for something else, Anyhow I am here now and would just like to say thanks for a
incredible post and a all round interesting blog (I also
love the theme/design), I don?t have time to look over it all at the moment but I
have bookmarked it and also added in your RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read more, Please do keep up the fantastic b.
Great beat ! I would like to apprentice at the same time
as you amend your site, how could i subscribe for a blog website?
The account helped me a appropriate deal. I were a little bit familiar of this your broadcast provided brilliant clear concept
I read this article completely on the topic of the difference of hottest and earlier technologies, it’s amazing article.
Hi friends, pleasant article and nice arguments commented here, I am truly enjoying by these.
Hello to every one, the contents existing at this site are genuinely awesome for people
knowledge, well, keep up the nice work fellows.
Thanks for the marvelous posting! I genuinely enjoyed reading it, you happen to be a great author.I will be sure to bookmark your blog and will eventually come back sometime soon. I want to encourage yourself to continue your great posts,
have a nice afternoon!
I don’t know if it’s just me or if perhaps everybody else encountering problems with your
blog. It appears as though some of the text on your content
are running off the screen. Can someone else please
provide feedback and let me know if this is happening to them as well?
This could be a issue with my web browser
because I’ve had this happen previously. Appreciate it
Quality articles is the main to be a focus for the viewers to visit the
web site, that’s what this site is providing.
Good information. Lucky me I found your blog by
accident (stumbleupon). I’ve bookmarked it for later!
Hi, yeah this paragraph is truly nice and I have learned lot of things from it on the topic of
blogging. thanks.
If some one wants expert view on the topic of running a blog after that i advise him/her to pay
a quick visit this blog, Keep up the nice job.
Thanks for the good writeup. It in truth was once a amusement account it.
Glance complex to more added agreeable from you! However, how could we communicate?
I believe what you posted was very logical. But, what about this?
what if you were to create a killer title?
I ain’t saying your content isn’t solid, but suppose you added a post title to possibly grab people’s attention? I mean Kobiety
w koszarach | Bellum.com.pl – blog o wojskowości is a little plain.
You should glance at Yahoo’s front page and note how they create news headlines to get people to click.
You might add a video or a picture or two to get people excited about everything’ve written. In my opinion, it would bring your
blog a little livelier.
excellent issues altogether, you simply received a new reader.
What may you suggest about your put up that you simply made
some days ago? Any positive?
What’s up to all, it’s actually a nice for me to pay a visit this website, it includes precious Information.
Every weekend i used to pay a quick visit this website, for
the reason that i want enjoyment, as this this web page conations actually good funny data too.
I was suggested this website through my cousin. I am no longer sure whether this publish is
written through him as nobody else realize such precise
about my trouble. You are wonderful! Thank
you!
What’s up, yeah this piece of writing is genuinely pleasant and I have learned lot of things from it on the topic of blogging.
thanks.
It’s remarkable to visit this website and reading the views
of all colleagues on the topic of this article, while I am also
keen of getting familiarity.
Right here is the right website for anybody who really wants to find out
about this topic. You realize a whole lot its almost hard to argue with you (not that I personally would want to?HaHa).
You certainly put a brand new spin on a topic that has been discussed
for years. Wonderful stuff, just wonderful!
I read this paragraph completely on the topic of the comparison of most up-to-date and preceding technologies, it’s amazing
article.
Wonderful, what a web site it is! This blog gives helpful data to us, keep it up.
Good post. I learn something totally new and challenging on sites I
stumbleupon everyday. It’s always exciting to read through content from other authors
and use something from their sites.
Hi, I think your blog might be having browser compatibility issues.
When I look at your blog in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some
overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up!
Other then that, awesome blog!
Thank you a bunch for sharing this with all folks you really
recognize what you are talking about! Bookmarked. Kindly also seek advice from my site =).
We could have a link change agreement among us
Usually I don’t read post on blogs, however I wish to say that this write-up very compelled me to check out and do it!
Your writing taste has been surprised me.
Thanks, very great article.
It’s hard to come by experienced people on this topic, but you sound like you
know what you’re talking about! Thanks
What you published made a lot of sense. But, think on this, suppose you were
to create a killer headline? I mean, I don’t wish
to tell you how to run your website, but suppose you
added a post title to maybe grab a person’s attention?
I mean Kobiety w koszarach | Bellum.com.pl – blog o wojskowości is
a little plain. You could peek at Yahoo’s home page and
note how they create news titles to grab viewers to open the links.
You might add a video or a pic or two to get
people interested about everything’ve got to say. In my opinion, it might
make your website a little bit more interesting.
Very soon this website will be famous amid all blogging and site-building viewers, due to it’s
pleasant articles or reviews
What i don’t realize is if truth be told how you’re not actually much
more smartly-appreciated than you may be now.
You’re very intelligent. You already know therefore significantly
in relation to this matter, produced me in my view consider it from a lot of various angles.
Its like men and women aren’t fascinated except it is one thing to accomplish with Lady gaga!
Your individual stuffs excellent. All the time handle it
up!
Oh my goodness! Impressive article dude! Thank you, However I am experiencing
troubles with your RSS. I don’t know the reason why I cannot join it.
Is there anybody else getting identical RSS problems? Anyone that knows the answer can you kindly respond?
Thanks!!
you are really a good webmaster. The site loading pace is incredible.
It kind of feels that you are doing any unique trick. Furthermore, The
contents are masterpiece. you have done a excellent activity on this matter!
Hi, I want to subscribe for this web site to get latest updates, thus where can i do it
please assist.
Hi, its good article concerning media print, we all understand media is
a enormous source of data.
Hurrah, that’s what I was searching for, what a data! existing here at this web site, thanks
admin of this website.
You really make it seem so easy along with your presentation however I in finding this topic to be
actually something which I believe I would by no means understand.
It sort of feels too complicated and extremely extensive for me.
I am looking ahead on your next submit, I’ll attempt to get the dangle of it!
It’s enormous that you are getting thoughts from this article as well as from our argument made at this place.
Unquestionably believe that which you stated.
Your favorite reason seemed to be on the internet the simplest thing to be aware
of. I say to you, I certainly get irked while
people consider worries that they just don’t know about.
You managed to hit the nail upon the top and defined out the whole thing without having
side-effects , people can take a signal. Will likely be back to get
more. Thanks
you are truly a good webmaster. The website loading velocity is incredible.
It sort of feels that you are doing any distinctive trick.
Furthermore, The contents are masterwork. you have done a great task in this topic!
Having read this I believed it was extremely informative.
I appreciate you spending some time and effort to put this short article
together. I once again find myself personally spending way too much time both reading and leaving comments.
But so what, it was still worth it!
No matter if some one searches for his required thing,
so he/she needs to be available that in detail, therefore that thing is maintained over
here.
It’s amazing in support of me to have a site, which is beneficial in support of
my experience. thanks admin
Hi friends, how is the whole thing, and what you want to
say concerning this paragraph, in my view its in fact awesome in favor of me.
Amazing! Its actually amazing article, I have
got much clear idea on the topic of from this piece of writing.
Have you ever thought about publishing an e-book or guest authoring on other
sites? I have a blog based upon on the same topics you
discuss and would love to have you share some stories/information. I
know my viewers would value your work. If you’re even remotely
interested, feel free to shoot me an e mail.
I do not even know how I finished up right here, however I thought this submit
used to be good. I don’t recognise who you might be but definitely
you’re going to a famous blogger in the event you aren’t already.
Cheers!
This is my first time go to see at here and i am really pleassant to read all at
single place.
It’s in fact very complex in this active life to listen news
on TV, thus I simply use world wide web for that purpose, and get the latest news.
naturally like your website however you need to check the spelling on several
of your posts. Many of them are rife with spelling problems and
I find it very troublesome to tell the reality
nevertheless I will definitely come again again.
Definitely believe that that you said. Your favourite
reason appeared to be at the web the simplest thing to take into accout of.
I say to you, I certainly get irked at the same time as folks consider issues
that they plainly do not recognise about. You managed to
hit the nail upon the highest and also outlined out
the entire thing without having side effect , other folks could
take a signal. Will probably be back to get more. Thanks
I’m gone to convey my little brother, that he should also pay
a visit this weblog on regular basis to obtain updated from most up-to-date news.
It’s going to be end of mine day, but before end I am reading this
wonderful article to increase my knowledge.
It’s going to be finish of mine day, except before finish I am reading this
impressive article to improve my know-how.
Every weekend i used to pay a quick visit this web page, for the
reason that i want enjoyment, for the reason that this this web page conations in fact good funny material too.
Hello, after reading this amazing piece of writing i am too glad to
share my experience here with colleagues.
That is really interesting, You’re an overly
professional blogger. I have joined your feed and look ahead to searching for more of your magnificent post.
Additionally, I have shared your site in my
social networks
What’s up to every body, it’s my first pay a visit of this web site;
this webpage carries amazing and actually fine data designed for readers.
Good response in return of this difficulty with firm arguments and explaining
everything regarding that.
What’s up Dear, are you in fact visiting this website on a regular basis, if so
after that you will absolutely take good knowledge.
Aw, this was an exceptionally nice post. Taking the time and
actual effort to make a superb article? but what can I say? I
put things off a whole lot and don’t manage to get nearly anything done.
Hi to every one, it’s really a nice for me to go to see this website,
it includes useful Information.
It’s actually very complex in this full of activity life
to listen news on Television, so I only use internet for
that purpose, and get the newest news.
Why visitors still make use of to read news
papers when in this technological globe all is presented on net?
I was recommended this blog via my cousin. I’m now not positive whether this submit is written by
means of him as no one else know such certain about my trouble.
You’re incredible! Thank you!
There’s definately a lot to learn about this topic.
I like all the points you made.
Hi there all, here every one is sharing such experience, therefore it’s pleasant to read this blog,
and I used to go to see this weblog daily.
great issues altogether, you simply received a new reader. What might you
recommend about your post that you simply made some days ago?
Any sure?
Superb blog! Do you have any tips and hints for aspiring writers?
I’m hoping to start my own website soon but I’m a little lost on everything.
Would you advise starting with a free platform like WordPress or go
for a paid option? There are so many options out there that I’m totally confused ..
Any recommendations? Many thanks!
you’re truly a just right webmaster. The website
loading speed is incredible. It sort of feels that you’re doing any unique trick.
Also, The contents are masterpiece. you have done a great task in this subject!
Unquestionably consider that which you said. Your favourite justification seemed to be on the internet the easiest factor to
be aware of. I say to you, I certainly get irked even as
folks think about concerns that they plainly
don’t recognise about. You controlled to hit the nail upon the
highest as well as defined out the entire thing without having
side effect , other people can take a signal. Will likely be back to get more.
Thanks
It’s an awesome paragraph designed for all the web viewers; they will get benefit from
it I am sure.
Having read this I believed it was really informative.
I appreciate you spending some time and effort to put this
short article together. I once again find myself spending a significant amount of time both
reading and commenting. But so what, it was still worthwhile!
Hi, this weekend is nice designed for me, as this time
i am reading this impressive educational article here at
my residence.
I am really delighted to read this weblog posts which consists of tons
of useful data, thanks for providing these data.
Thanks for sharing your thoughts about mens athletic shoes.
Regards
What’s up friends, its fantastic article on the topic of teachingand fully explained, keep it up all the time.
It’s amazing in favor of me to have a site, which is good in favor of my knowledge.
thanks admin
I do trust all the concepts you have presented for your post.
They’re very convincing and can certainly work. Nonetheless, the posts are very quick for novices.
May you please prolong them a bit from subsequent time?
Thank you for the post.
you are in reality a excellent webmaster. The website loading speed
is amazing. It sort of feels that you’re doing any unique trick.
Furthermore, The contents are masterwork.
you have done a wonderful task in this topic!
Yes! Finally something about packs stay.
What’s up, after reading this awesome article i am as well cheerful to share my familiarity here with mates.
Hi there to every one, since I am in fact keen of reading this webpage’s post
to be updated regularly. It contains pleasant stuff.
I take pleasure in, result in I found exactly what I used
to be having a look for. You have ended my four day long hunt!
God Bless you man. Have a nice day. Bye
I feel that is one of the such a lot important info for me.
And i am glad studying your article. However wanna observation on some general
things, The website style is wonderful, the articles is in point of
fact nice : D. Just right process, cheers
Great items from you, man. I have bear in mind your stuff prior to and you are simply extremely magnificent.
I really like what you have obtained here, certainly
like what you are stating and the best way by
which you say it. You’re making it entertaining and
you still take care of to keep it smart. I cant wait to read much more from you.
That is really a great site.
Nice post. I learn something new and challenging on websites I stumbleupon everyday.
It’s always interesting to read content from other writers and
practice a little something from their web sites.
It’s not my first time to go to see this web site,
i am browsing this site dailly and get nice facts
from here every day.
Hi there everyone, it’s my first go to see at this
site, and article is truly fruitful designed for me, keep up posting these content.
This paragraph will assist the internet people for building up new blog or even a blog
from start to end.
It’s going to be ending of mine day, except before finish
I am reading this wonderful article to increase my know-how.
How would certainly you as if to bypass
the higher retail prices at the furniture retail stores by utilizing hardwood furniture strategies and create some yourself?
It is feasible and also a bunch of folks are presently doing it.
As opposed of what lots of folks assume, it is certainly not essential
to be an expert to make hardwood home furniture.
?
???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???
????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ? ????? ???
? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????
??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???
?
??? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????
?
??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????
???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ? ???? ?????
?
???? . ???? ??? ?? ????
?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ???????
?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????
?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???